Book Review of Aleph by Paulo Coelho

Book Review of 'Aleph' by Paulo Coelho Paulo Coelhos (The Alchemist, The Winner Stands Alone) novel takes perusers on a bold excursion that traverses every one of the 9,288 kilometers of the Trans-Siberian railroad from Moscow to Vladivostok, and an equal supernatural excursion that ship its storyteller through existence. In his most close to home novel to date, Coelho introduces himself as a traveler looking to recover his profound fire, much like Santiago, the darling primary character of his runaway success The Alchemist. Paulo Coelhos books have sold in excess of 130 million duplicates and have been converted into 72 dialects. Other than The Alchemist, his global smash hits incorporate Eleven Minutes, The Pilgrimage, and numerous different books whose characters wrestle with apparently straightforward profound subjects: light and haziness, great and abhorrence, enticement and recovery. Yet, at no other time has Coelho decided to put himself as a character so significantly amidst that battle - as of not long ago. In Aleph (Knopf, September 2011), Coelho writes in the main individual, as a character and a man grappling with his own profound stagnation. Hes 59 years of age, a fruitful however unhappy author, a man who has voyage everywhere throughout the world and become generally acclaimed for his work. Be that as it may, he cannot shake the feeling that hes lost and profoundly disappointed. Through the authority of his tutor J., Coelho reaches the resolution that he should make a huge difference and push ahead, yet he doesnt very recognize what that implies until he peruses an article about Chinese bamboo. Coelho gets motivated by the idea of how bamboo exists just as a minuscule green go for a long time while its root framework develops underground, imperceptible to the unaided eye. At that point, following five years of evident dormancy, it shoots up and develops to a tallness of twenty-five meters. Taking what seems like the counsel hes written in his past books, Coelho starts to trust and follow the signs and live [his] Personal Legend, a demonstration that takes him from a basic book marking in London to a tornado voyage through six nations in five weeks. Loaded up with the happiness of by and by being moving, he focuses on an excursion through Russia to meet with his perusers and to understand his deep rooted fantasy about venturing to every part of the whole length of the Trans-Siberian railroad. He shows up in Moscow to start the excursion and meets more than what hes expecting in a young lady and violin virtuoso named Hilal, who appears at his lodging and declares that shes there to go with him for the span of the outing. When Hilal wont take no for an answer, Coelho lets her tag along, and together the two set out on an excursion of a lot more noteworthy importance. By sharing profoundly significant minutes lost in the Aleph, Coelho starts to understand that Hilal can open the insider facts of an equal otherworldly universe in which he had double-crossed her 500 years sooner. In the language of specialized science, Aleph implies the number that contains all numbers, yet in this story, it speaks to an otherworldly journey wherein two individuals experience a profound releasing that profoundly affects their current lives. Some of the time all through the story, Coelhos propensity to depict profound ideas in straightforward terms verges on clich㠩. An existence without cause is an existence without impact, he rehashes, alongside other succinct truisms, for example, Life is the train, not the station. These idioms take on more noteworthy profundity, nonetheless, as this storys storyteller goes back in time and comes back to the present with encounters that give them new meaning.The strain in Aleph works as the train approaches its goal at Vladivostok, the last stop on the Trans-Siberian railroad. The storyteller Coelho and Hilal have gotten entrapped in an otherworldly web that must be broken on the off chance that they are to proceed in their different lives. Through their fragile exchanges, perusers will come to comprehend the interconnectedness of individuals all through time and discover motivation in this account of affection and absolution. In the same way as other of Coelhos different books, the story in Aleph is one that will speak to the individuals who see life as an excursion. Similarly as Santiago of The Alchemist looked for the satisfaction of his Personal Legend, here we see Coelho keeping in touch with himself into the texture of a novel that follows his own otherworldly development and recharging. Along these lines, its the narrative of Coelho, the account of his characters, and the tale of every one of us who read it. Exposure: An audit duplicate was given by the distributer. For more data, if you don't mind see our Ethics Policy.

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AdSense Optimization Strategy to Find Best places for ad placement

AdSense Optimization Strategy to Find Best places for ad placement AdSense revenue also depends on placing ads on right place and position. If you would able to place your ad on right place then obviously your revenue will increase by 25% than before. However for placing ads you must be comply with Google AdSense policies otherwise your account may disable by Google. What Should We Consider Mostly? You must consider some factor and keep some tips remember for better positioning your ads.Think about your site readers or visitors for any Blog you must be consider two major things those are as follows- Your sites content should be logical Your site should have good navigation system. Beside of this you have to consider some points that why readers are trying to get information by visiting your site. Which information actually readers are looking for? You can easily find out from your Google analytic report and search record. Moreover you have to think by readers point of view just visit other site and identify your own preference that what do you want or looking in others site? Now you have to place your ads without getting readers away. And keep the page looking fresh, spick and span and appealing. Create article which is demanding by your readers and they will come back into your site for reading again and again. And place ads which wont annoy your readers. Always highlight your Blog content not ads. You can highlight your content byplacingads like below examples. And this layout recommended by Google AdSense. But the site layout which highlight the Ads like below example and this is not recommended by Google AdSense. You should place your ads that highlight the content not the ads. Because users should feel that they are viewing your content not ads only. Your contents should always above the fold not below the fold and easy to find. Google has created an online tool where you can test your site layout that is your ads above the fold or not? Just visithttp://as-abovethefold.appspot.comand enter your website URL and check. Place Your ads on Isolated place with good color combination You should choose ad unit color according to your website color combination. Suppose your site color is complete Black but your ad unit is White then it will look odd. And dont place your post image with ad unit closely because for this kinds of placement visitors may confused. Which may violate AdSense terms and condition. Use Ad unit label There are many webmaster place AdSense ads under various headline like, Get Money, Download Here, or Click here for Resources which easily mislead visitors. In addition dont place your add below post title, Navigation or download link which make user confuse. According to Google AdSense policy you can label your Ad units as Advertisements or Sponsored links. Place limited number of Ads Google AdSense allow you to place 3 ad units, 3 link units, and 2 search boxes on each page of any site. But if you place all ad units then your site may become slower and if the visitors dont find their desired article then they may turn elsewhere for information. You should Review your site often After placing Ad unit if you see your revenue is not increasing then you must have to review your site. Just focus on user experience that after visiting your site what might be the users looking for. For this reason try to cover each and every topic that help your users. In conclusion, I hope by reading the strategy you are now clear that where you can place ads and where not. And which is the best place for placing ads. In addition always remember 2 things that make your site user friendly thus a visitors can find any kinds of topic easily. And your placing ads unit should be identifiable by your site visitors. If you can ensure those 2 things then your revenue will increase time to time and your Ads wont violate any terms of AdSense.

Gabapentin Versus Lorazepam Which Drug Is More Effective...

Alcoholism is a long standing health issue, and there has been ongoing research to seek out drugs that could effectively help to treat alcoholism, acute and long-term. According to an article by Johnson, Swift, Addolorato, Ciraulo, and Myrick (2005), a challenge has been to identify medications that not only reduce the rewarding effects of alcohol, but the dependence, post cessation craving, and the withdrawal craving. Lorazepam and gabapentin have been used for the detoxification of alcohol dependent patients. Lorazepam is a type of benzodiazepine, an antianxiety medication. Gabapentin is a type of anticonvulsant drug originally used to prevent seizures. â€Å"Benzodiazepines represent the standard of care for the treatment of alcohol†¦show more content†¦Research was done to compare gabapentin to lorazepam in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Myrick, Malcolm, Randall, Boyle, Anton, Becker, and Randall (2009) performed a randomized double-blind treatment on 100 individuals seeking outpatient treatment of alcohol withdrawal with Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol-Revised(CIWA-Ar) ratings ≠¥10. Subjects were either given 2 doses of gabapentin, 900 mg tapering to 600 mg or 1200 mg tapering to 800 mg; or given lorazepam, 6 mg tapering to 4 mg for 4 days. Severity of withdrawal from alcohol was measured by the CIWA-Ar on days 1-4 of treatment and days 5, 7, and 12 po st treatment. Verbal reports and breath alcohol levels were measurements of alcohol use. Results showed that CIWA-Ar scores reduced in all groups overtime. High-dose gabapentin statistically did the best but was clinically similar to lorazepam. Lorazepam patients had higher probabilities of drinking on day 2 (the first day the dosage decreased), as well as the second day off the medication. Gabapentin treated groups were less likely to have craving, anxiety and sedation compared to the lorazepam treated groups. Overall, the gabapentin treated group had a less probability of drinking and was well tolerated. Some limitations to the study were that the participants selected had mild to moderate withdrawal severity and were in better general health than patients presenting the ED or hospitals. Also, no placebo group wasShow MoreRelatedResearch Questions On Nursing Practice1695 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Alcohol abuse has become one of the principal causes of mortality and morbidity in the United States causing more than 200,000 deaths every year (Hendey, Dery, Barnes, Snowden, Mentler, 2011). Stehman and Mycyk (2013) stated that 21% of intensive unit admissions are related to Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (AWS) complications. There are mild, moderate, and severe symptoms that result from AWS; the first 24 hours from last alcohol consumption has mild symptoms of AWS which include: tremorsRead MorePsychiatrists and Special Population Essay3236 Words   |  13 PagesPsychiatrists often encounters patients who are in special situations such as pregnancy, extreme of ages and/or medically ill. These situations cause deviation from the normal physiological process of the body and renders the group vulnerable to adverse drug effect. Therefore it is crucial for the clinicians to have fair knowledge about appropriate medication selection and dosing while treating these special populations. Psychiatric illness during pregnancy is not an uncommon scenario. A large meta-analysis

Communism Russia and the US - 839 Words

The author of The Devil We Knew wrote this book from a standpoint of displeasure at the way the government handled the Cold War. I believe that H.W. Brands was not alone in this feeling of the government failing its people. The Cold War was the third war in a very short period of time. During the first two wars 100,000 Americans and millions of non-Americans were slaughtered. The feeling of continuous war and death to simply be in another war was more than some people could stand (VI). Thus, their fear took on the image of communists, they became the scapegoat for everything we feared. The cause of the Cold War may go back further than we think. To use Brands words, â€Å"The Cold War had a double taproot† (3). It goes back to 1783 when we won our freedom and started our westward expansion. Russia likewise was expanding, however, they were expanding east. Toward America. As both countries wanted the same land tensions began building just a little at a time. Continuous parall el goals are wrapped throughout both countries time line. However, goals of complete opposite magnitude forced the two countries to a different idealism. The other root came from the early twentieth century when Woodrow Wilson instigated a campaign for world democracy. Americans believed that the spread of American intuitions, notable democracy and capitalism, would bless the peoples who embraced them just as these institutions had blessed the American people. In offering democracy and capitalism to theShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War Was A Continuation Of Colonialism1293 Words   |  6 Pagescolonialism ways transitioning onto another international conflict; the Cold War. The Cold War began as a disagreement between the Soviet Union and America when it came to communism. The Soviet Union was afraid of America’s atomic weapons, as America was afraid of the Soviet Union’s growing army. Soviet Union was pro communism and America was pro capitalism. Overshadowing all was the threat of nuclear war. The U.S. is to blame for the Cold War due to threatening the â€Å"communist Soviet Union† in supportRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet War911 Words   |  4 Pagesof WWII and continued into the 1990’s. The Cold War was fueled by many factors such as ideological differences, mutual mistrust, America’s fear of the spread of communism, and nuclear weapons. The war ultimately resulted in the collapse of communism. The war was supported by allied nations although the main instigators of the war were Russia and the United States. A major short term factor that lead to the Cold War was USSR’s fear of America’s newly acquired atomic weapons. During WWII two atomicRead MoreThe World Of A Totalitarian Communist Post War World1352 Words   |  6 Pagesworld razed by the chaos of the war. In the aftermath, the only two countries in the world left standing that were still considered superpowers were Soviet Russia and the United States. Tension between the two countries was thick. The US saw Russia as the main obstacle in the way of a democratic capitalistic post war world, and Russia saw the US as the main obstacle in the way of a totalitarian communist post war world. The only similarity between the views of the two countries was that neither systemRead MoreRelations Between The United States And The Soviet Union1232 Words   |  5 Pagestheir preferred styles of government, capitalism and communism. The major difference between the two is their view on economic production. In Communism, the central government controls all production and determines what goods the economy should produce, as well as the price of those goods. Meanwhile, Capitalism allows the market decide what goods should be produced as well as the price and the profits are only for the owner, unlike communism. Capitalism believes in social classes, in which wealthRead MoreThe End Of World War Two And The United States1411 Words   |  6 PagesThe end of World War Two saw Russia and the United States as world powers, each with totally different views on how the new world should be governed.The Cold War was a fight between Communism and Capitalism; only one method could prevail. Communism, was the notion that through a class war all would become equal, all property owned publicly and each person paid equally. On the opposite end of the spectrum lay Capitalism where there is an economic and political system of a country’s trade and industryRead MoreThe Soviet Revolution Of Ussr872 Words   |  4 Pages In WWII the US fought alongside Russia. Russia, however, was communist ever since the Russian Revolution in 1917. The Russian Revolution also brought to the surface USSR (United Soviet Socialist Republics). The USSR was the only real controlling party of Russia from 1917-99. Because of the anti-communist tension of the US, the US did not recognize the legitimacy of the USSR until 1934. So even though the US fought alongside USSR in WWII, there was always a sort of mistrust. The US has changed sinceRead MoreCommunism As A Utopian Society1567 Words   |  7 Pagesfear what they thought to be communism, mainly the USA, but know little or anything about Marx/Marxism and his terms of a communist society. It is futile and ignorant to turn a blind eye and wish that communism will somehow fade away. Nor is it reasonable to equate communism to a very authoritarian, undemocratic, and inhumane, such as the one under Stalin’s rule.Rather we must understand its strength, its danger, and what Marx, who is considered the father of communism, considered a utopian societyRead MoreThe Significance of the Sino-Soviet Confrontation1850 Words   |  7 Pagesa threat to their North East. The Sino-Soviet split turned the US from being the primary enemy of China, to that of the Soviet Union. The greater relations with China and the USA assisted to encircle the Soviets. The US viewed both China and the Soviets as the main players who would spread communism throughout t he Asia-Pacific and affect the West’s democratic ideology. The Sino-Soviet split potentially inhibited the spread of communism throughout the Asia-Pacific under the Domino Effect. The DominoRead MoreEssay on The Origins of the Cold War817 Words   |  4 Pages including the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, the Potsdam Conference of 1945, the differences between communism and capitalism, the Iron curtain speech and Marshall Aid. Through looking at these we are able to comprehend the main reasons behind the development of the Cold War. It can be said that the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 which marked the emergence of Communism as a state power is a logical staring point for the Cold War. It was in the November of 1917 that theRead MoreThe Tensions Between Soviet And Japanese War II944 Words   |  4 Pagesof communism and of course the Soviet Union being the most dominant communist nation in the world, supported the ideals of the north. The southern regions however were completely anti-communism and thus supported by the United States (Robinson p 74). The majority of the problem stemmed from outside of the country itself with Russia declaring war on Japan while using Korea as the battlefield. However, this internal conflict was actually the fuel to the fire originally because it gave Russia and

Henry Of The Second Revolutionary Convention Essay

â€Å"Give me liberty or give me death!† (Richard R. Beeman). This was said by Patrick Henry at the St. John’s church in Richmond, Virginia at the second revolutionary convention. This is one of the most famous quotes of all time, not only did it contribute to the Americans actually making the decision to separate, but it fired the colonist up and stunned the other members at the congress (Avalon Project). Henry was a huge figure against the British, he opposed every act that the British had imposed, and as always pushing for separation from the British. Henry had great arguments and was one of the most influential figures before, during and after the war. Henry was a very successful man, he worked hard for what he wanted to achieve and his hard-working attitude allowed him to help get the Americans involved in striving to achieve their independence and for becoming the great nation that it has become today. He was apart of the Continental Congress and the House of Bur gess as well. Patrick Henry was the most influential citizen of the colonies because of his commitment to the unification of the country, his numerous acts as a patriot, and his acts for establishing a great state now known as Virginia and his contributions to the Declaration of Rights. Henry had a large role in the continental congress before and during the war, Henry at the Second Continental Congress said, â€Å"On May 18, 1775, Henry attended the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia. Just one month before,Show MoreRelatedCompare And Contrast Patrick Henry And Thomas Jefferson1220 Words   |  5 PagesDeath The revolutionary period was the age of reason. It was the period in time when civilians wanted to take control of their unalienable rights; â€Å"Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness† (Jefferson). Both Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson took part in the revolutionary period. They were both leaders that took action to receive independence from Great Britain. The two revolutionary leaders are remarkably comparable and contrastable from each other. One huge difference between Henry and JeffersonRead MoreThe American Revolutionary War, And The Declaration Of Independence1288 Words   |  6 Pageswas a revolutionary era that lasted through the years of 1607-1776. The Speech in the Virginia Convention, written by Patrick Henry, and the Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson, were two major components that influenced the colonists to fight for their freedom against the British. During these Colonials times, many speeches, events, and documents, leading up t o the American Revolutionary War, impacted the outcome of our nation today. The Speech in the Virginia Convention wasRead MoreHenry, Patrick. â€Å"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death!† Speech1009 Words   |  5 PagesPatrick Henrys Biblically Charged Speech Patrick Henry utilizes advance oratory skills, and various literary devices to illustrate his Give me Liberty or give me death! speech to members of the Virginia legislature. Henry possesses an impressive ability to speak to the hearts of men. His fiery passion combined with biblical passages outline a common theme that implies God sanctions his cause. Henry uses metaphors to invoke prevocational images to give his words life, and foreshadowingRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Patrick Henrys Speech1086 Words   |  5 PagesAt a tense meeting in a church in Richmond, Virginia, away from the watchful eyes of Britain, Patrick Henry began to deliver a rousing speech to the Second Convention of Delegates. His passion was tangible to the audience as he called the delegates to action. His speech was memorable to everyone in the room and powerful in convincing the delegates to support the war. Little did he know that this speech would continue to be known for its power and persuasion for g enerations to come. Throughout PatrickRead MoreA Well Regulated Militia: The Founding Fathers and the Origins of Gun Control in America1153 Words   |  5 PagesThe second issue in this paper is about rebellions throughout American history. There were several rebellions, but Shays’ Rebellion, the Whiskey Rebellion, and Fries’s Rebellion were an important part of the militia debate. â€Å"Shays’s Rebellion was the largest violent uprising in the new nation’s history, would become the first test of the radical potential of the militia and the right to bear arms in post-Revolutionary America†(Cornell, 31). Shays’s Rebellion revealed a tension in American constitutionalRead MoreThe American Revolution And The War Of Independence999 Words   |  4 PagesMassachusetts, Patrick Henry of Virginia and John Jay of New York. The meeting was called the Continental Congress. That meeting wasn t very successful of getting their independence. So they had another meeting called the Second Continental Congress. The Second Continental Congress was also held in Pennsylvania. It was more successful, up until Andrew Jackson. With three new additions Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson and Washington. On June 7, the first major revolutionary war, known as the BattleRead MoreThe Historical Narrative Of The Years And Events Surrounding1461 Words   |  6 Pageshe had inevitably washed his hands of trying to meticulously rectify these inaccurate historical accounts. Even though Adams was the nation’s most valuable constitutional scholar during the Revolutionary period, and his resilience and leadership was an instrumental part in ushering in the new republic, the second president believed history would undoubtedly cast him aside. Fortunately for Adams, his resolute character and fearless actions have remained renowned in the public’s knowledge of the RevolutionRead MoreHenry Clinton s First Stop On His Life1210 Words   |  5 PagesHenry Clinton (1730-1795) Henry Clinton was born April 16, 1730, in Newfoundland, Canada. Sir Henry was the son of Admiral George Clinton and grandson of Sir Francis Fiennes Clinton, who was the 6th Earl of Lincoln. Although nobody knows much about his childhood, we know that as a young child, Henry was influenced greatly by his father. His father joined the navy before the birth of Henry, and impacted his son as he grew up. His father then became the governor of Newfoundland. Even though his fatherRead MoreThe Enlightenment Ideas Of The American Revolution1423 Words   |  6 Pages However, the people of America wanted to be free from England, so with the help of the Enlightenment thinkers and the philosophers, they started an attack to the English soldiers. That is how the war with England began and it is known as the Revolutionary War. The American Revolution was influenced by the ideas which was caused by the Enlightenment. This act was meant to force mostly on equality, freedom of speech, freedom of pre ss, and religious tolerance. The period where America was trying toRead MoreArgumentative Essay On The American Revolution981 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolutionary War in 1755 spouted from a conflict between the British government and British people living in the then 13 American colonies. The crown and his legislature passed tax measures, which the people of the thirteen American colonies fiercely opposed. American leaders took action against taxes because the government that created the laws offered no representation for those being taxed which is where taxation without any representation stems from. The crown only allowed upper-class

Abortion Speech free essay sample

I am here to persuade you that abortion is bad for women. I have eight reasons why abortion is bad. The first reason is after an abortion many women find themselves dealing with increased use of drugs and/or alcohol to deaden their pain, reoccurring insomnia and nightmares, eating disorders, suicidal feelings, and many even attempt suicide. Difficulty in maintaining or developing relationships. Loneliness, isolation, anger, fears of the unknown, indecisive and a sense of self-hatred. Since 2001, 15 studies focused on the psychological effects of abortion have been done. These studies underscore the fact that evidence-based medicine does not support the conjecture that abortion will protect women from ‘serious danger’ to their mental health. It indicates the opposite. The second reason is abortion advocates frequently assert that carrying an unintended pregnancy to term is more harmful to women than abortion. But all the research and women’s personal experience says something else. To get an abortion two doctors have to agree that it will be suitable for the woman as it can cause physical and mental difficulties. The earlier the woman decides to get an abortion the easier it is to get it free on the NHS but there is an average of 2-4 weeks waiting time on the NHS, it’s also more humane to get the abortion earlier at the foetus won’t be properly developed. If a female decide to get an abortion performed in the first 9 weeks of pregnancy it involves the woman given two pills, one taken orally and once placed inside her. Within four hours that woman will feel as if she is having a painful period. That was her baby. Another abortion method, available up to 13 weeks of pregnancy is having a tube inserted into the womb and the foetus is removed by suction. There is an endless list of reasons why woman choose to get their pregnancy terminated the most common are the miss-use or lack of contraception, an unwanted pregnancy resulting from rape, incest, or known that a child would be born with severe medical problems or if the birth would result in harming the woman’s health. Zoe Gillard’s now 32 had an abortion fifteen years ago when she was 17. She had a late-term abortion at 21 weeks. It was hugely upsetting for her because she had always been very concienous about contraception. While taking the pill in a relationship with her boyfriend she missed a period and went straight to the doctor to have a pregnancy test. It came back negative and Zoe was very relieved. Her boyfriend went away to university and they decided to split up, she came off the pill but weirdly continued to miss periods. She returned to her doctor who said I had nothing to worry about and was probably due to hormonal changes from coming off the pill. A short while later Zoe did another pregnancy test which came back positive, she later found out she was 18 weeks pregnant. She just started her a-levels and felt it was impossible to raise a child so booked an abortion. While at the clinic the abortion didn’t go to plan, doctors asked whether she could just go through with the pregnancy. They were all quite unpleasant to her and some asked whether she had ever thought about using contraception. Three days later they told her they could try some new drugs if they didn’t work they would have to perform a ceserion. On Saturday the drugs had worked and Zoe hadn’t been told that essential she would give birth. Her waters broke and she had contractions. Eventually the foetus came out and Zoe couldn’t stop screaming. They aneithised her and took her away to remove the placenta. When she woke up she was in a bed full of blood.

Jedp Theory Essay Example

Jedp Theory Essay Since the eighteenth century, scholars have researched, â€Å"Who wrote the Pentateuch? †, and more specifically who was the author of Deuteronomy. The Documentary Hypothesis asserts that the Pentateuch was not written by Moses, but was composed from four distinct narratives and woven together into one final version centuries after Moses had died. When these documents were put in chronological order, it appeared as the following: The Yahwist (J) The Elohist (E) The Deuternonomist (D) The Priestly Source (P) JEDP is the acronym for the theory. Each of these letters represents a source of oral and written traditions about the history of Israel. The Documentary Hypothesis was developed in the 19th century by several scholars. One of the first was Jean Astruc who speculated that Moses used existing written or oral sources to write the Pentateuch. Other scholars, such as Eichhorn and DeWette elaborated upon his ideas. However, K. Graf and Julius Wellhausen are recognized as the scholars who put the sources in the JEDP order; they also determined there was an editor, also called a Redactor, who carefully combined the four accounts together into one unified text. We will write a custom essay sample on Jedp Theory specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jedp Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jedp Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In his book, Prolegomena to the History of Ancient Israel, first published as the History of Israel in 1878, Wellhausen argued that the Pentateuch was written by numerous people over a long period of time. To substantiate his claims, he used earlier research to try to prove each document had its own vocabulary, literary style and point of view, among other criteria. He believed that the Bible is an important source for historians, but cannot be taken literally. â€Å"The Deuternonomist (D)† represents the source from the Deuteronomistic history. It received its name because, according to 2 Kings 22-23, King Josiah instituted some religious reforms based on an unidentified â€Å"Torah scroll† discovered in the Jerusalem temple during renovations. Upon closer inspection, most likely the discovered scrolls was the book of Deuteronomy. The scholar W. M. L. DeWette has gone as far to state the document was written in the time of King Josiah and conveniently â€Å"found† in the Temple at the perfect time to validate Josiah’s reforms. Even the literary placement of Deuteronomy — between the Pentateuch and History books, a pivotal connection from the wilderness to the Promised Land — is of great import, as if Deuteronomy was edited specifically to be the introduction to the Deuteronomistic History. From this perspective, Deuteronomy is valued, not because it is the final book of the Pentateuch, but how it affects the books that follow it: Joshua, Judges, 1 and 2 Samuel, and 1 and 2 Kings. These books portray Israel’s history from the point of view of the laws found in Deuteronomy. The people and the rulers were judged according to how they followed those laws or not. The contemporary idea of the documentary hypothesis has broadened to accept any understanding that the Torah is probably a composite of various sources. Many modern scholars accept some version of this theory. One of the contemporary scholars who embraces this theory is Richard Elliot Friedman, as can clearly be seen in his book Who Wrote the Bible? He states that editors updated the books of Moses to eliminate what may have appeared to be conflicts or historical errors. In the process he tries to identify the authors of each JEPD source. Scandanavian scholar Ivan Engnell believes the whole Torah was passed along by word of mouth until the post-exilic period, when it was finally written down by one person. Another scholar Gerald A. Larue writes, â€Å"Back of each of the four sources lie traditions that may have been both oral and written. Some may have been preserved in the songs, ballads, and folktales of different tribal groups, some in written form in sanctuaries. The so-called ‘documents’ should not be considered as mutually exclusive writings, completely independent of one another, but rather as a continual stream of literature representing a pattern of progressive interpretation of traditions and history. † (Larue, Old Testament Life and Literature) The documentary hypothesis has been criticized for its validity. Conservatives consider it irreverent, almost heresy, to even think that Moses may not have written the Pentateuch. Both Jewish and Christian tradition view Moses as the author of the first five books of the Bible, and onsider Deuteronomy as one of the five â€Å"books of Moses. † Even the New Testament and Jesus refer to the writings of Moses (See Matthew 19:8; John 1:45; 5:46-47). As can be seen, tradition and the Bible itself associate these books with Moses, but there are no absolutes that Moses wrote every word. For example, it is obvious that someone else, perhaps Joshua, wrote the description of Mose s’ death. The documentarians and traditionalists have few, if any, points of agreement. Thus, there is little that the evangelical position of the Old Testament can learn from this theory. However, for the sake of argument, evangelicals can be more aware of the value of the book of Deuteronomy, no matter who may have wrote it, as long as God is recognized as the ultimate author. In other words, does it really matter if Moses wrote every single word of Deuteronomy? Is God not able to inspire anonymous authors as well? Take, for example, the first six verses of Deuteronomy (1:1-6). The first five verses appear to have been written by someone else since Moses is referred to in the third person. Then, suddenly, in verse six, Moses speaks in the first person. Does it matter that the first five verses were written by someone else? Does that distract from the authentic unfolding of God’s truth? It must be stated clearly here, there can be no wavering in the truth that God authorized and inspired the writers. It appears the church often disregards Deuteronomy, perhaps thinking that the â€Å"law† is outdated, when, in fact, it is worthy of careful study. The Deuteronomistic history emphasizes how Deuteronomy affects the books following it. More distinctly, throughout the Old Testament — such as Isaiah, Jeremiah and Micah — there are references to the words found in Deuteronomy. Even Jesus and Paul quoted from its pages regularly. Its call to authentic holiness and to pass along the tradition to the generations that follow is a call we all should heed. There are several harmful affects perpetuated by this theory. (1) The Creation, the Flood, and Babel are considered myths, adapted from ancient Mesopotamian mythology. The Patriarchs, Moses and the Exodus are regarded as legends trying to sanctify their origins. Finklestein, Searching for Israelite Origins) (2) Scholar Julius Wellhausen himself declared that he does not believe in the divine inspiration of the Bible. If God did not inspire the words as proclaimed in 2 Peter 1:21, then the Bible is simply another book, and everything Christians have believed about His Word is a hoax. (3) Too much history is created and revised in the process of explaining awa y the history recorded in the Old Testament. Such tendencies is simply unnecessary. Herbert Livingston goes even further, listing the consequences if one chooses to believe in the documentary hypothesis: (a) Mosaic authorship is rejected, with only bits of the Pentateuch attributed to the Mosaic period; (b) for many of the scholars who accept the Wellhausen view, the men and the women of the Pentateuch were not actual human beings — at best they were idealized heroes; (c) the Pentateuch does not give us a true history of ancient times, but it reflects instead the history of the divided kingdom through the early part of the postexilic period; (d) none of the people in the Pentateuch were monotheistic, and it was the postexilic priests who made them look like believers in one God; (e) God never spoke to any individuals in ancient times, but again, it was the work of the priests that gives that impression; (f) very few of the laws in the Pentateuch were prekingdom, and many were postexilic (i) all claims in the Pentateuch that God acted redemptively and miraculo usly in behalf of Israel are erroneous; (j) any concept that the present structural unity of the five books was original with Moses is erroneous; and finally (k) the skepticism inherent int he theory creates a credibility gap with the ordinary layman to the extent that the Pentateuch becomes practically useless to him. (Livingston, The Pentateuch in Its Cultural Environment) NOTES Finkelstein, Israel, â€Å"Searching for Israelite Origins,† Biblical Archaelogy Review 14 (Sept/Oct 1988) pp. 34-45, 58. Friedman, Richard Elliott. Who Wrote the Bible? , Harper and Row, San Francisco, CA, 1997. Friedman, Richard Elliott. The Hidden Book in the Bible, Harper, San Francisco, CO, 1998. Larue, Gerald A. Old Testament Life and Literature, Allyn Bacon, Inc. , Boston, MA 1968. Livingston, G. Herbert. The Pentateuch in Its Cultural Environment, Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, MI 1974. McDowell, Josh. More Evidence That Demands a Verdict: Historical Evidences for the Christian Scriptures, Here’s Life Publishers, Inc. 1981, p. 45.

The Best Place To Put Social Media Buttons On Your Blog

The Best Place To Put Social Media Buttons On Your Blog Have you ever wondered  where the best place to put social media buttons on your blog is? If so, youre not alone. Back when we first added  social sharing analytics  to over a year ago,  I wondered  the same thing.  There are so many small tweaks that you can make to your blog layout thatll  improve conversions and reader experience.  Surely, I thought, there has to be a set of best practices for social media buttons as well. I set out to find all the data on which best influences social sharing on our blog.  What I found may actually surprise you.  Are you ready to see how you can improve social media sharing on your on blog? If so, read on! Im going to improve my #socialmedia button placement to get more social sharing. #blogging Why Worry About Social Media Buttons? This is a common question, and the answer is a bit more complicated than it might seem at first. In 2016, social media is as important as ever.  However, there is still some debate whether or not social media buttons drive clicks. Part of the reason for that discussion likely derives from how many blogs and sites implement social media buttons ineffectively. It's not entirely fair to judge a design decision that isn't set up for success, but we also don't want to make decisions that can't be supported by accurate data. That's why it's important to make sure you get the design and placement of your buttons correct. It's not enough that your buttons simply look good, or that they are just present somewhere on your pages. They need to be placed where they're going to catch your readers attention and make it easy to share your awesome content with their followers. So Many Options, So Many Opinions By now, you've probably gathered that there's  a lot of chatter about this topic. A quick Google search reveals  this discussion at Stack Exchange, which considers whether social media buttons should be placed at the beginning or end of a blog post. Despite all of the discussion, there is little evidence to back those ideas up. Even this conversation over at Moz.com fails to provide solid evidence on the subject. It seems like we may be just guessing. Can't we do better than that? To start digging, I looked  at what some of the most common options are. I started with the question, "Where do some of the biggest sites on the web place their social media buttons?" The answer? Everywhere! Popular Placement Options For  Social Media Buttons: Top of post  - Do users share before they actually read the article? This is one of the most common placement options frequently used by sites like TechCrunch and Mashable. Left of post -  Placing social buttons to the left of the blog post makes a lot of sense, as readers follow text left to right. This is the placement that we use here at . Right of post  - This one surprised me, but it is out there. Social Media Examiner is a good example of a site with this placement. Bottom of post  - Placing social media buttons at the bottom of the post was very common, and the only place you will find social buttons on Seth Godin's blog. Is he missing out on possible shares because of this placement? In-line of post  - A growing trend is to actually   place shareable content inline with the rest of your content. We do this regularly on our blog using our   plugin. No social buttons at all  - This is a surprising and growing trend heralded by sites like the Signal v. Noise blog by Basecamp. Are they hurting their chances for viral success? We'll look into this in a minute, but for now, that's the playing field. The question still lingers- where do these sharing buttons perform the best? The answer is, admittedly, a bit hard to find (which may be why so many sites place them so seemingly haphazardly) but there are certainly some big data points that we can examine to reach a conclusion. Data Point #1: Prominence Matters More Than Placement Popular social sharing tool AddThis provides some excellent insight on this topic.   Their advice to users is as follows: Pick a prominent position: The more visible the button is the more people will bookmark and share your content, which will lead more traffic back to your site. Keep your button near the top of the page: Avoid making your readers scroll to find your sharing button. It is okay to have the button at the top and bottom of the page, but users will find it easier at the top. Place the button in close proximity to the content being shared: This helps readers understand what they are sharing. Watch out for navigation:  Be careful about placing the button too close to navigation, so users don't interact with it by accident. From these tips, we can easily conclude that prominence matters more than placement when it comes to social media buttons. With the wrong placement, readers can easily mistake social buttons as ads or other navigation. This will likely result in lower usage for the buttons. Reading through the lines, we can also see that AddThis advocates  keeping social media buttons near the top-left side of the  page- a conclusion  that  is  supported by other sources. Data Point  #2:  Users Interact With The Top Left Side The Most According to usability icon Jacob Nielson and a study that he conducted in 2006,  eyetracking visualizations show that users often read Web pages in an F-shaped pattern: two horizontal stripes followed by a vertical stripe. Readers view your page in an F-style pattern. Keep this in mind when placing social media buttons. The  top left portion is the most-viewed part of the web page.  Ã‚  More eyes go there than anywhere else. This supports the idea that left and top are best choices for social share buttons, as indicated by AddThis. Readers view your page in an F-style pattern. Keep this in mind when placing #socialmedia buttons....Data Point #3:  Too Many Social Buttons Will Make Things Worse Doug Antkowiak  makes a great point about social media buttons on the Search Engine Journal blog. He points out that too many social buttons may negatively impact  the speed of your website. This is a big red flag, as site speed has been clearly linked to better readership and SEO performance. The most valuable conclusion that we can draw from this is that we should  limit the number of social media buttons that we display to as few as possible. The risks of slowing down our site just isn't worth it. Social media buttons provide one of those situations where more is not necessarily better. The data here continues: After polling 50 of the most popular websites in the world, Webaholic.co.in  found that Facebook and Twitter were easily the most-used social media buttons on the web with Linkedin and Google+ also showing strong results. They concluded that the utility of each of those networks fluctuated quite a bit depending on the audience type for each site. This evidence is backed up by  TrackMaven's  more polarizing  conclusion  after  examining nearly 2 billion social shares. Their data concluded that the vast majority of social shares take place on the top two social networks (Twitter and Facebook). Clearly, we don't need to include all networks to make a good use of social media buttons. In this report, TrackMaven reveals that 38.6% of social shares were on Twitter. Facebook â€Å"likes† and  Ã¢â‚¬Å"shares†Ã‚  accommodated  for another 60.3%. Data Point #4:  Under-Used Social Buttons Provide Negative Social Proof Social proof  is a psychological phenomenon where people use the actions of others to guide their own behavior. In essence, it's the  psychological term for "monkey see monkey do." As one of our own writers, Julie once pointed out: â€Å"Social proof is a shortcut in the thought process. We don’t have to think. The others already did (we assume).† The reality is that social proof plays a big role in social sharing and can make a big impact on the success of social media buttons. Negative social proof diminishes the value of the social sharing button. In a now classic A/B test,  Taloon.com   (a Finland-based hardware eCommerce store) found that social media buttons were actually hurting their conversion rates. When they removed the social media buttons from their page, they recorded an 11.9% increase in CTA clickthroughs as compared to the original page. If the results surprise you, you can read more here, but social proof gives us a clear answer for this result. Because very few people actually  Ã¢â‚¬Å"like† product pages, the near zero results on social media buttons were actually providing negative social proof- preventing users from purchasing what they were perceiving as an unpopular product. As Chris Coyer points out on his CSS-Tricks blog, "low numbers can look embarrassing." Near zero results on #socialmediabuttons may actually be providing near-negative social proof....Data Point #5: Social Sharing Buttons Can Bring Traffic In one of the more complete (but not scientific) studies on the value of social sharing buttons, blogger  Joshua Benton concludes that many news organizations receive 20% of their Twitter traffic from Tweet buttons available on their page. That's actually a pretty big deal! For example, 16.3 percent of tweets to the New York Times in his tests actually came from a Twitter social media button on the site itself. For the  Wall Street Journal, the share rate was more like  20.2 percent. Not bad, huh?  Social media buttons can help traffic after all. 20.2%  of tweets to the #WallStreetJournal actually came from their Twitter share button.One point to keep in mind, however, is that Twitter recently  removed the ability for social sharing buttons to display their sharing stats  for that platform. So, while the presence of a button to tweet an article may help boost shares, publishers have lost the benefit of positive social proof that comes from having a stat counter. That makes it tougher to see how many times your posts are getting tweeted, but  if you have some technical skills, Google has a partial solution using Google Analytics. It won't let you display within your social sharing widget how may times a post was shared on Twitter, but it can at least help you know for yourself if readers are clicking your Twitter button. Data Point #6: Negative  Sentiment Against Social Sharing Buttons Is Gaining Momentum, But Why? Despite the results from the New York Times and The  Wall Street Journal, not all publications have seen the same success. UK blog  Inside GOV.UK  reported a paltry 0.2% increase in shares after adding social media buttons to their site. While buttons being placed at the bottom of the page couldn't have helped, their results are in line with conclusions developed by Luke Wroblewski, who felt that only 0.25% of Tweets were actually attributable to a social media button after analyzing more than 18 million page views. Others, like Signal v. Noise just prefer the way their site looks and loads without them and believes that if someone wants to share their content, they will find a way. To each their own, of course, but there is definitely some truth in the matter. Just a quick survey around the office concludes that  most social sharing takes place outside of the article itself, and can be attributed to a  variety  of other tools. A few  examples of this include: Buffer Chrome Extensions Other Social Browser Extensions Feedly, FlipBook, and Other RSS/Content Readers Mobile browsers Pocket And more than we can list Conclusion: Where Is The Best Place To Put Social Media Buttons On My Blog? The opinions about social sharing buttons are wide, but often not particularly deep. Reality is, that it just depends on your own blog and audience type. But, being the adventurous sort that I am, I think that we can easily answer this question (at least to find what's true in most cases). And the winner is...

Women of Color at the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Women of Color at the Workplace - Essay Example Today, the community comprises almost one-fifth of the workforce in the United States. Research indicates that major developments have happened regarding the recruitment of women of color in the recent past. The enlisting of each segment of women looked into such as Black American, Latino, Asian and Aboriginals, increased in the recent past (Amott and Matthaei 157). More females from all the categories are absorbed as officials and key members of the executive teams in the industrial sector. This paper examines how women of color used feminism to increase their power in the workplace. Statistics According to Amott and Matthaei (53) â€Å"Native Americans struggling for tribal autonomy and for the recognition of broken treaties have also had to confront corporate greed †¦Ã¢â‚¬  This implies that women of color have achieved tremendous gains, in terms of population at the workplace and the statuses of workplace environments, though not easily. Despite the progress made, there ar e still a number of stubborn occurrences which require more concern. Quite a large number of women of color tend to prefer particular industrial sectors and seem to have concentrated in insignificant occupational positions. Statistics indicate that â€Å"Native American women’s labor force participation rates rose sharply between 1970 and 1990, from 35 percent to 55 percent† (Amott and Matthaei 59). Nevertheless, in the recent past, they have achieved the smallest returns regarding total absorption into jobs and positions of significance, far smaller than the level of growth of Latinos and Asians. In the meantime, black women surpass their work force percentage as sales employees, clerical officers and those in the service sector. Notably, the Nursing and Residential Care Facilities sector absorbs the largest proportion of Black American women vis-a-vis the greatest proportion of women in general. Replacing men during World War I Whereas the chance for the women to ext end their careers came into fore during the First World War, there were several grounds why women of color transformed their principles to occupy the new job opportunities left by men. The main reason behind more women power at the workplace was inspired by patriotism factor. The then message from the government summoned women to support the country. Equally linked to this patriotic call was the need to engage in something more fascinating and different, and an issue which would enhance the combat effort. Higher remuneration, also partly contributed, as did the prevailing shore up in social status, though a number of women of color took up the opportunities in the workplace out of absolute need, because of the government program, which differed by country and eventually rooted for only the families of absent military officers did not meet the shortage. Unions and strikes Although, the war resulted in many new options for the women and job opportunities, it did not normally impact an increase in the earnings of the women, which were traditionally much poorer than men’s. In the United States, for instance, rather than offer a woman what a man would have pocketed, according to government policies on equal regulations, recruiters divided responsibilities down into less significant tasks, employing more women of color for each task and offering them peanuts for carrying out the responsibility. This increased the bureaucracy of the women, but shrunk their earnings. During the World War I, women organized strikes citing meager pay, developments that lasted days or several weeks as the war transpired. Amott and Matthaei (56) indicate that in 1980s, â€Å"American Indian women continued to form pan-Indian women’s organizations for self-determination and against sexism.†

Eth3.2DBExperienceLovability Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Eth3.2DBExperienceLovability - Article Example In any case, continued practice under harsh conditions predisposes nurses to potential deviation from standards care which in essence puts the practitioner at risk of liability of malpractice or negligence as depicted in a number of industry blogs. To that end, this paper draws valuable insights from an online blog on liability as it seeks to identify four common areas of nursing liability. Common areas of Nursing Liability Primarily, there are numerous areas in which nursing practitioners may be liable for deviation from standard care. However, this paper will only focus on the four common areas including professional negligence, malpractice, breach of professional code of conduct, incompetency. The occurrence of such liability elements are wide in scope and much depends of a number of factors such as they work condition as well as the operational norms or organizational culture of quality care as reiterated by Simon (2006). Some might be unforeseen while others could be inevitable especially where the life of the nurse is endangered by the patient, defective equipment or volatile work environment. In the case of professional negligence, it s is possible to handle a patient with confounding presentations. In addition, some patients may conceal vial information such as use of psychotic drugs in which case, deeper interrogation by the nursing may provoke the patient to turn violent or suicidal (Simon, 2006). That notwithstanding, nurses may overlook minor changes in patient conditions especially when they are understaffed in which case a nurse might be forced to handle many patients thereby resulting in potential delay of intervention. Failure to seek second opinion in complicated cases, or delaying needful medical intervention are indicative of deviation from standard case for which a nurse may face liability charges for negligence (Glabman, 2004; Phillips, 2013). The second area relates to malpractice where a nurse exposes the patient to a faulty or erroneous intervention out of which the patient suffers substantial injury, complication, disability or death. According to Croke (2003), faulty intervention devoid of proper adherence to professional guidelines and hypothetico-deductive clinical reasoning could amount to deviation from standard care. In the event that a similar incident occurs, the nurse in quest shall be held accountable in law. However, some aggrieved patients or their family might descend on the nurse out of anger thus causing the nurse grievous bodily or psychological harm even when the nurse could be having sufficient evidence in her defense. Due to lack of protective legislation like in the case on Montana, assaulted nurse may find not redress of justice for violation inasmuch as they stand perceived liability suit for malpractice as highlighted by Peter (2013). Breach of professional code of conduct is the third common area of liability. There are several clauses that go with professional code of conduct including iss ues of confidentiality, protocol and respect for client autonomy as argued by Simon (2006). Some of the medical emergencies could be life threatening with little time for proper administrative consultation. As a result, the case might warrant a resident nurse to take all practicable measures within her ability and medical judgment in the utmost effort to save life.

Discrimination Essay Example for Free

Discrimination Essay Discrimination is one of the most significant barriers to inclusion. This along with prejudice. As people we are all different and unique in one way or another. This often leads to conflicts and division between people and cause predjudice. People experience predjudice and discrimination for many different reasons some of which may include, sexualtiy, gender, race, disability, religion, background, age, appearance etc. Discrimination and predjuice ,may have significant harmful effects on an individual or friends and family, or even the wider society. For example children who are a victim of discrimination and pedjudice there is danger of damaging their self esteem/ confidence. They arent given the same advantages as other indiviuals and therefore dont the equal opportunities to reach their full potential. They are more likely to not progress and as a result of a lower sekf esteem their motivation to learn is damaged. Children could be excluded from certain roles. This can mean that they are unable to deveop their talent and abilities further which in turn would mean they are not able to make a full contribution to society further on in life. Children who may inflict discrimination to others risk causing themselves harm. For example discrimination and predjudice lead to them making wrongful assumptions of other individuals, this gives them the view that some people are worth less than others, this leads to them having a false view of the world we live in. UNIT 053AMANDA FAY OUTCOME 1. 3 HOW INCLUSIVE PRACTICE PROMOTES EQUALITY AND SUPPORTS DIVERSITY Children have the right to have access to equality of opportunity,, in settings we should promote positive aspects of diversity. Discrimination can interfere and create barriers in achieving this. It is so important that we have an inclusive setting allowing all children and families an equal footing. Working towards inclusion means that we are working to break down the barriers of discrimination and ensuring all children and families fell that they are a part of the setting. This means that we are effectively taking steps in promoting a positive attitude towards diversity and creating equal opportunities for all individuals no matter what. By using inclusive practice we are creating a positive environment ensuring that all children have the chance to progress and achieve further. UNIT 053AMANDA FAY OUTCOME 2. 1 HOW LEGISLATION AND CODES OF PRSCTICE RELATING TO EQUALITY, DIVERSITY AND DISCRIMINATION APPLY WITHIN OWN WORK ROLe Working inclusively within our practice means we have legal framework to adhere too. Although laws and leagal requirements cannot change prejudice attitudes and discrimination altogether, it is essential in helping to reduce it. Policies and legal framework give setting support and guidence that is practical and useful. There are several pieces of legislation that are relevant within our setting in terms on providing an inclusive work practice. The disability discrimination act 1995 protects the rights of individuals with disabilities. It outlines a duty for schools to aim to eliminate barriers ensuring everbody is able to have equal access to services. In the disability discrimination act 2005 places a duty for schools to complete a disibility equaltiy scheme and an access plan. As a school we must encourage eveyone to participate in all areas of school life, helping to eliminate discrimination. The special educational needs and disability act 2001 made it un lawful for educational providers to discriminate against individuals that have special educational needs or disabilities. The Children Act 1989 Sets out the duty of local authorities including schools, to provide services according to the needs of the individual child and ensure ,heir safety and welfare. As part of the childrens act 2004 it sets out a duty for us to provide effective accessible services to all children underpinning the five main outcomes for EVERY CHILD MATTERS. The equality Act 2010 outlines legal responsibilities of setting such as schools to provide equality of opportunity for all. Within my own setting and work role I find these peieces of legislation relevant. Within our setting we provide opportunitys for children and families of various race , background, gender disabilities etc. In our eyes every member of our team is valued and included. This extending from pupils to families and staff etc. For example children that may have special educational needs or disabilities we aim to provide effective care and support to suit the individual needs. Where possible extra support is provided. In my own role as a practioner I must remember that no matter how different children are from oneanother they are treated the same and given equal opportunitie to progress and achieve further. UNIT 053AMANDA FAY OUTCOME 2. 2 INTERACTIONS WITH INDIVIDUALS THAT RESPECTS BELIEFS, CULTURE, VALUES AND PREFERENCES. When working within a childcare setting we are in a position where we need to communicate with many different people. Thes including parents/carers and families as well as children. It is very important that we communicate in a way that shows we value and respect children and their families no matter how different they may be from that of our own. Although some people may think the use of carefully chosen words and language as politicly correct. It is important not to be detered as we should be carefull and think about the way we speak /talk to others, especially when in a position where we interact with families on a daily basis. The words and language we use along with how we express ourselves can have a significant effect on attitudes and values we develop. It can help the way we think of others. It could help us to think constructively when talking to other in future and treat people more respectfully. By showing respect and valuing others beliefs, culture etc we will in turn earn it for ourselves. UNIT 053AMANDA FAY OUTCOME 3. 3 HOW TO CHALLENGE DISCRIMINATION IN A WAY THAT PROMOTES CHANGE. As we know discrimination works against promoting and supporting a childs development and their progression. When we are faced with situations of discrimination it is important they are challenged. It is not only children that express predjudice or discriminate. It is good to have strategies in place should this arise. Supporting anybody that is being discriminated against is essential, but also helping the person who is behaving discriminatory trying to change their behaviour. Strategies need to be thought out carefully so not to antagonise the situation further. EXAMPLE If I was faced with a situation where another child was behaving discriminatory toward another by calling them names such as four eyes to a child wearing glasses, I would respond by firstly intervening. I would explain to the child(A) instigating the comments that what the have said is hurtful and un-kind. I would point out that it is unacceptable behaviour. I would ensure I was at the child(A) level to ensure they were understanding and paying attention to me. I would also help the child(A) learn from the situation by helping them to understand the consequences of their actions e. g â€Å"how would you fell if somebody said that to you? † allowing the child(A) to think of it from the other child(B) perspective. I would be careful not to make the child(A) feel disliked by me, â€Å" I like child(A), I dont like it when somebody is un kind. † Should situations like this arise again I would gain support from the class teacher. Possibly even touching on the subject of everybody being different within lesson plans. This allowing children to learn about diffent people, backgrounds, genders, appearance etc. Also teaching them how to be kind and helpful to one another.

Exemplification Essay: Mixing of Religion and the State -- Exploratory

   We have based the very existence of our country on the belief that complete separation of church and state is best for the church and is best for the state. However, throughout history the roles between religion and American public life remain interwoven and continue to shape our beliefs and values. In order to begin to understand the role of religion in American public life, one must first recognize that religion is present in many aspects of one's life. Even though the United States' Constitution provides for separation of religion and government, most aspects of government include religion as a basis for its operating procedures. The U.S. Senate and House of Representatives begin each session with prayer. Another example of the presence of religion occurs at the Colorado State Capital, as well as in other state capitals. Some members of both houses think that praying within government agencies is wrong. There are many Senators and Representatives who wait outside for the prayer to be over before entering the room. Some members have even tried to prevent priests, ministers and rabbis from coming into the House to give the prayer (Associated Press). In some regions it is difficult for the government to know when to celebrate religion during the holidays since many holiday scenes revolve around a religious message. In the past, some government officials have been asked not to display holiday scenes on public property, but have been encouraged to place non-religious signs in the area instead. Religious critics believe having a religious message at a government place could be a violation to the First Amendment (Leaming). Another example of how religion is interwoven with public life occurred when a group of Fellow... ...ers In The Hands Of An Angry God." Austin, Texas: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1989. Leaming, Jeremy. "How and When Government can Celebrate Religion." Freedom Forum [online], Available: http://www.freedomforum.org/religion/1998/12/14nativityfeature.asp, January 28, 2001. "Secretary's Statement on Religious Expression." Department of Education[online], Available: http://www.ed.gov/Speeches/08-1995/religion.html, January 29, 2001. "Statement of Principles." Statements of Principles [online], Available: http://www.fac.org/publicat/principles/princip.htm, January 30, 2001. The Associated Press. "Legislators: Prayers at State Capitol Inappropriate." The Daily Sentinel, January 23, 2001. The Golden Treasury of Poetry. Hemans, Felicia. "Landing of the Pilgrim Fathers." New York, New York: Western Publishing Inc., 1959.   

A Midsummer Night’s Dream: an Ecological Interpretation

A Midsummer Night’s Dream: An Ecocritical Interpretation Lieutenant Asit Biswas Bio-Notes: Lieut. Asit Biswas is an Assistant Professor, Dept. of English, and Associate NCC Officer, Acharya B. N. Seal (Govt. ) College, Cooch Behar, W. B. ABSTRACT: Shakespeare studies in India started as early as in the early decades of the 19th century when the Indians seldom engaged in Shakespeare interpretation and so the term ‘ecocriticism’ was unheard of.What we mean by the phrase ‘Critical studies of Shakespeare’ started in India in 1917 when Hindu College (later on Presidency College and now Presidency University) was founded. Then Shakespeare began to be evaluated from an oriental point of view. Some of those interpretations may be considered ecocriticism. The same thing was done by Purna Chandra Basu (in his article â€Å"Sahitye Khoon†, D. L. Roy (in his book, Kalidas O Bhababhuti) etc. Eco-criticism as a literary movement, as Yogesh K.Tiwari and N. D. R. Chandra say, began in the 1990s. But ecocritical evaluation of Shakespeare’s plays from Indian point of view is yet to flourish well. In A Midsummer Night’s Dream one can find plethora of materials relevant not only for the students of literature but of environmental studies also. The aim of the present play is to reinterpret Shakespeare’ play A Midsummer Night’s Dream from ecocritical point of view and thereby justify the contemporaneity of the Bard.Now-a-days many in many universities in India the students have to read English and Environmental Studies as compulsory subjects, Shakespeare being a part of the former. As the students of literature they would be keen to trace out the aesthetic aspects of the dramas of Shakespeare while belonging to various disciplines they would naturally seek for the relevance of Shakespeare in the present context. So the paper is an attempt to bring out Shakespeare’s anticipation of the environmental problems a nd thereby prove Shakespeare as a topic of both literature and environmental studies.Modern environmentalism began with ‘A Fable for Tomorrow’, in Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring (1962). Mrs. Frederick Boas edited the Cambridge collection of Tempest Essays; Richard Kerridge N. Shammells published Writing the Environment, Eco-criticism and Literature (Zed Books-1998); J. Bate & L. Coupe published The Green Studies Reader from Romanticism to Eco-Criticism (by New York, Routeledge-2000);but the most outstanding book in this field is Green Shakespeare by Gabriel Egan who says, Crossing he boundaries of literary and cultural studies to draw in politics, philosophy and ecology, this volume not only introduces one of the most lively areas of contemporary Shakespeare studies, but also  puts forward  a convincing case for Shakespeare's continuing relevance to contemporary theory. There is a significant school named as the Association for the study of Literature and Envi ronment which was started in America and now has its branches in Japan and UK. It is mainly an association of the eco-critics. The Role of Literature in Placing a Value on the Environment: As Daniel B.Botkin and Edward A. Keller say in their book Environmental Science (5th edition, Page No. 11) the value of the environment is based on the following justifications: aesthetic, creative, recreational, inspirational, moral, cultural and utilitarian (materialistic). Aesthetic justification has to do with our appreciation of beauty of nature. Many people prefer living in the world of wilderness to one without it. Rabindranath Tagore created an instance by leaving the clutter of Calcutta settling down in the lap of Nature in Santiniketan.In Shakespeare the Forest of Arden minimizes the bereavement of the Duke in As You Like It. But in the Duke’s bemoaning for the subordination of the forest we hear the voice of an ecologist. It would not be a digression to say that Tagore’s e cocentrism is again found in Siksha: Tapoban in his comment on Shakespeare’s plays. While ecology is a mother branch of science, ecocriticism is comparatively a new branch which attempts to establish a relationship between literature and the physical environment.As Greg Garrard quotes in his book Eco-criticism from Glotfelty’s book The Eco-criticism Reader: Landmark in Literary Ecology: Simply put, eco-criticism is the study of the relationship between literature and physical environment. Just as feminist criticism examines language and literature from a gender conscious perspective, and Marxist criticism brings an awareness of modes of production and economic class to its reading of texts, eco-criticism takes an earth-centred approach to literary study.Garrard also adds that eco-criticism is closely related to environmentally oriented developments in philosophy and political theory. So eco-criticism may be interpreted as the analysis of a literary text from the point of view of an ecologist. Another epoch making writing that has relevance in our interpretation of A Midsummer Night’s Dream is Simon C. Estok’s research paper titled Shakespeare and Ecocriticism: An Analysis of â€Å"Home† and â€Å"Power† in King Lear in which the author explains the key terms â€Å"Anthropocentrism†, â€Å"Biocentrism/ Ecocentrism† and â€Å"Ecophobia†.Agreeing with Greg Garrard, Estok says that ecocriticism is not simply the study of nature or natural things in literature; rather it is any theory that is committed to effecting change by analysing the function – thematic, artistic, social, historical, ideological, theoretical, or otherwise— the natural environment, or aspects of it, represents in documents that contribute to material practices in material world. The explanation of the term ‘ecophobia’ is also very much necessary in our revaluation of A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Estok thinks that â€Å"ecophobia is the fear of loss of agency and control to Nature†.This ecophobia, found in both Oberon and Titania in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, gives birth to various conflicts, both inner and outer, or, to say more explicitly, psychological and social (which includes ecological aspects also) and this sociological aspects of the play justify the contemporaneity of the bard. Some minor research works have been done on this particular topic on national and international levels. Some research papers have been published on eco-criticism in Shakespeare’s dramas in some journals; mention may be made of the one written by Dr.Subh Brat Sarkar, Rishi Bankim Chandra College, Naihati, W. B. The paper already written by the present researcher and published in the Research Spectrum (August-2012 Issue) contains some hints of the Eco-criticism in Shakespeare’s plays as seen by Rabindranath Tagore. Tagore considered it to be a kind of colonialism. Accord ing to him colonialism is not only the subordination of a weaker nation by a powerful one but the subordination of nature by human beings. Tagore also probably finds the ‘ecologist Shakespeare’ as in As You Like It, The Tempest etc.According to Nirmal Selvamony, the humans have introduced a hierarchy in nature. In that the humans have placed the domesticated animals higher than the wild animals. â€Å"Even animals were ranged in hierarchic order, the domestic and the wild† (Selvamony 4). But in A Midsummer Night’s Dream the role of the dominating power is taken by the fairies and the inferior race is the human beings. The fairies have occupied the topmost position in the hierarchy of Nature and they subordinate man and they quarrel in order to decide who will ‘domesticate’ the Indian boy who is the representative of the colonized people.This kind of colonialism found in Nature may be termed ‘Ecocolonialism’ or ‘Eco-imperiali sm’. In a supernatural drama like the present one the imperialists are the fairies but in reality they are the mighty people and the colonized ones may be the flora and fauna or even linguistically, culturally, racially, socially, politically, religiously or financially weaker section of the people. In A Midsummer Night’s Dream an ecologist easily finds plenty of materials relevant not only to the students of literature but of science, especially ecology also.The human beings in the person of the Indian boy or the European lovers are merely playthings to the mighty fairies. The fairies play with the humans for their own pleasure and showing their might and not for the amusement of the humans and they do it from anthropocentric point of view. In his Master’s Degree dissertation paper, (University of South Florida) Roy Patricia points out the environmental issues in MND by referring to â€Å"Folk Medicine and the Four Fairies of A Midsummer Night’s Dream,à ¢â‚¬  by Lou Agnes Reynolds and Paul Sawyer who have recovered the fairies from evil associations by casting them as herbal doctors.The article points to the strong early modern interest in the medicinal use of plants and finds that, by the use of this imagery, Shakespeare imbues his fairy characters and their natural remedies with beneficial, medicinal properties. Reynolds and Sawyer’s points are well taken, but we can develop them even further. Not only do the four attendant fairies – Cobweb, Mustardseed, Peascod and Mote – represent fairy medicine but all the actions in the forest also act therapeutically upon the lovers. The inversion of love-roles and the dreams of the lovers depend upon Oberon’s extensive knowledge of the herbal lore of his world.As Oberon himself states: â€Å"Fare thee well, nymph [Helena]. Ere he do leave this grove / Thou shalt fly him, and he shall seek thy love. (2. 1. 245-6). In Act-1I, scene-i of from the speech of Puck we come to know that the king, Oberon is angry with the queen, Titania as she has seized away a boy from India and made him her servant. â€Å"For Oberon is passing fell and wrath, / Because she as her attendant hath / A lovely boy, stolen from an Indian king†. But the king wants to roam about the forests (Nature), along with the boy. As a result whenever they meet, they quarrel.Titania also alleges him of emptying of the venom of jealousy. She says that whenever they meet they quarrel and as a result the wind cannot sing the song of peace and is sucking the fog from the surface of the seas and the water level of the seas has been raised up; the natural system has been disrupted, resulting in untimely flood and thereby destruction of vast area of crops and extinct of a number of species. The ever smiling spring, the scorching summer, the frowning autumn and the cruel winter have changed their plight and so people cannot identify them.Titania confesses that they are responsible for this unholy variation of the cycle of seasons. The people cannot endure the change of the cycle of seasons; suffer from untimely winter and also various kinds of diseases due to the change and endangered bio-diversity. In reply to the allegation of the queen, the king urges her to correct the ecological imbalance as she has the power to remedy. The reason of their quarrel is also clear to the readers—possession of the boy kidnapped from India.Here the quarrel is between a power that has deprived the creature of his natural habitat and made him her servant and the eco-friendly power that is keen to roam about the forests, along with the innocent creature. But none is ready to provide the boy with absolute freedom and so their quarrel does not come to an end here. The king requests the queen to hand the boy over to him but she is too obstinate to nod. She frankly declares that she cannot lose her control over the boy even if she is given the whole fairy land. So Oberon deci des to use tricks.He advises Puck to extract the juice of a certain flower which would act like black magic and leave its evil influence on Titania’s eyes, if administered properly. It would also be able to invert the usual behaviour and natural instinct of a person as in the modern age we see the evil influence of narcotics especially in the third world countries. The harmful effect of the use of drugs on eco system is mainly felt in the developing countries. Again Titania, admits that their quarrel has destroyed the usual course of the natural phenomena and nature has undergone vast changes, creating ocean of troubles for human beings.In Act-1, Scene-ii (Lines 81-117) Titania, the Queen of the fairies alleges that their quarrel has destroyed the usual habits of the natural phenomena and Nature has undergone vast changes, creating ocean of troubles for human beings. It may be considered Shakespeare’s anticipation of what McKibben says in his book The End of Nature (19 90): We have changed the atmosphere, and thus we are changing the weather. By changing the weather we make every spot on earth man-made or artificial. We have deprived nature of its independence, and that is fatal to its meaning. Nature’s independence is its meaning; ithout it there is nothing but us. (McKibben 1990: 54) In this connection it may be recalled that India was a favourite commercial place to the Western countries form the time of ancient history. And for the sole possession of India several wars were for between the English and the French and others. The Indian boy in the play is symbolically a colony, an ideal place for business. Now-a-day it may be a typical Indian plant for whose patent the economic colonialists are ever fighting among themselves and in order to supersede one another destroying the eco system of the whole globe.Recently we witnessed the war between Iraq and U. S. A. Various reasons may be found out but the naked truth is that the sole reason o f the notorious war is nothing but the shameless effort of control over the petroleum mines of the Arabian countries. When the two â€Å"do square, that all their elves for fear/ Creep into acorn cups and hide them there†. The peaceful people whenever get frightened, seek refuge in nature and it may be kept in mind that the best remedy of various pollutions including noise pollution is plantation.Nature is the man’s ultimate refuge because only nature can provide the human beings with eternal pleasure, both physical and mental. Puck also confesses that he, in order to make a fun and to show his prowess, perturbs the natural habits of an object both animate and inanimate. In modern age the modern Pucks very often destroy the Nature and subordinate the creatures of Nature very often out of fun. Examples may be given of the tortured animals in the circus shows, poachers’ activities etc; moreover, we torture the animals in the zoo.Keeping bird cages is a favourite b ut cruel hobby of a kind of people even after the passage of law against it. It is not only inhuman and unlawful but harmful to bio-diversity also. Recently a television channel telecast a live show of beating thousands of innocent seals to death in Antarctica by a community as it is the annual festival of the community. The pain of the poor seals, especially the half dead ones, the fear of the eco system to be disturbed, the melting of the glaciers and thereby upheaval of the sea level cannot render them anxious of the future of the earth.In this post-Modern age MND is quite relevant and significant since we witness the ecological imbalance, extinction of a large number of species, climatic change, global warming, uprising of the sea level, earth quake, tsunami, El Nino etc. The reason behind such troubles may be, along with the others, the wars (Gulf war, the long war between Iran and Iraq and of course the two World Wars), nuclear bomb testing and above all merciless deforestatio n. Here in the speech of Titania we seem to hear the voice of an environment scientist or of an ecologist.It may be noted that the more mighty the power, the more strong a destroyer is he in this post-Modern Age. Probably Shakespeare anticipated the natural problems created by the super-human power. The Titanias now-a-days are the war-mongers greedy of absolute power, who seldom think of the future of the globe. So in this age of science and technology the revaluation of the plays of Shakespeare is very much significant. In the same Act and scene the speech of Oberon (L-176–185) is also significant.He speaks of the juice of a flower that is able to hypnotize any man or woman and make him/her fall in love with any creature seen first. But the remedy is known to Oberon only. So it may be supposed that he wants to administer the cunning trick only to destroy the natural habit of a creature and to apply his remedy and thereby to prove his power. In the post-Modern age of economic colonialism this cunning theory is felt to have come back, but with a new dimension. For example the parthenium plant has allegedly come from U. S. A. As found in an e-article (http://www. streetdirectory. om) It appears that Parthenium is not native to India, but it came with the imported wheat as a mixture, when the US sent wheat to India under PL 480 (Public Law 480 passed in 1954 to give food grains to developing countries) in 1956. However this concept was contradicted by some as not the real story because Parthenium was present in India even in 1951 itself. Some people allege that this plant causes asthma whose medicine would be made in USA and so in order to sell the medicine and to prevail over the subcontinent, the Americans sent the parthenium seeds as adulteration with wheat seeds.So the purpose is to make the Indians asthma patients and then to sell to them asthma medicine. But we should not engage ourselves in this controversy, since we are not talking of international politics but of literary criticism. Here, in the drama the role of Oberon is like that of a modern capitalist who uses his cunning method in order to prove his supremacy and thereby dominate over the comparatively weaker sections and he is doing this out of ecophobia. Ultimately Oberon, the king realizes the harmful effect of his sports and then he feels sorry and takes the responsibility and so urges his assistant to correct the mistakes.He also pacifies his quarrel with Titania, once again with the help of the same narcotics. Here we see the constructive use of the herbs. Thus the play ends with an optimistic note and indirectly upholds the banner of Nature which is the best remedy for the revival of the impaired eco system. It also opines that man cannot remain happy by subordinating nature. Now in the age of global warming the plays of Shakespeare deserve a re-reading. One may recall the peaceful atmosphere in the Forest of Arden (As You Like It) and realize that subordination of nature cannot bring us mental peace as Tagore realized.He establishes his opinion by citing examples from As You Like It, Sakuntala etc. In the concluding song Puck urges the audience to consider the play to be a dream. We may do but it would not be an overstatement to consider it to be a dream of an ecologist because in the play we see what an ecologist would think of the vast change taken place in environment due to the modern leaders of the planet. Reference 1. Arumugam, E. (2008) Principles of Environmental Ethics, Sarup Book Publishers Pvt. Ltd. , New Delhi-2, India. 2. Bookchin, Murray, Anthropocentrism versus biocentrism – a false dichotomy http://climateandcapitalism. om. 3. Botkin, Daniel B. ; Keller , Edward A. , (2005), Environmental Science, John Wiley ; Sons, Inc, U. S. A. 4. Estok, Simon C. , Shakespeare and Ecocriticism: An Analysis of â€Å"Home† and â€Å"Power† in King Lear, http://simonestok. com. 5. Garrard, G. (2007) Ecocriticism, Routled ge, London and New York. 6. Gifford, Terry: (1999) Pastoral, Routeledge, London and New York. 7. Glotfelty, C. and Fromm, H. (ed) (1996) The Eco-criticism Reader: Landmark in Literary Ecology, University of Georgia Press, London. 8. McKibben, B. (1990), The End of Nature, Penguin, London, 9.Patricia, Roy, (2004), â€Å"Shakespeare’s Midsummer Fairies: Shadows and Shamen of the Forest†, http://scholarcommons. usf. edu/etd/1226 10. Purohit , S. S. ; Ranjan, Rajiv (2003), Ecology, Environment and Pollution, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur, India. 11. Sarkar, Subh Brat, (2005), â€Å"Ecological Theatre: Performance and Ecological Issues† (in Prakashkal) Unique; Panshila, Sodepur, W. B. , India. 12. Selvamony, Nirmal, (2001): â€Å"Persons for Alternative Social Order†, Chennai, India. 13. Shakespeare, William, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, New Delhi: Oxford ; IBH Publishing Co.Pvt Ltd. , 1980. 14. Tagore, R. , (1932) The Religion of Man, George Allen and Unwin, London. 15. Thompson, Jr. , E. , (1926), Rabindranath Tagore: Poet and Dramatist, Read, p. 12, http://en. wikipedia. org. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1. Dr. Amit Bhattacharya, Associate Professor ; Head, Dept. of English, University of Gour Banga, Malda, W. B. , India. 2. UGC (India) for MRP (No: F. PHW-131/09-10 (ERO) Date: Sept. 07, 2009) 3. The Essay was published in the International Journal of Innovative Research and Development (ISSN 2278-0211), Vol-1, Issue-6 September, 2012. www. ijird. com.

Marketing Plan For Subway Marketing - 1516 Words

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